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Professor Lee Chow Yang

Malaysia

English, Malay, Chinese

termites, cockroaches, pest ants, insecticide resistance, urban entomology, biology, behaviour, pest management, pest control, urban pest control.

Born in Malacca on 24 October 1969, Lee Chow Yang received his primary and secondary education in Muar, Johor. He enrolled as a pure science student at Universiti Sains Malaysia in 1989, graduated with a First Class Honours in BSc (Biology) in 1993 and was awarded the Professor E. Balasingam Gold Medal as the best final year student in Biological Sciences. In the same year, Chow Yang was awarded a scholarship by PHP Institute of Asia, Japan to pursue his PhD in USM on insecticide toxicology and resistance in the German cockroach (Blattella germanica) under the supervision of the late Professor Yap Han Heng and Dr Chong Ngo Long. Part of his research was completed at Cardiff University, Wales, UK under the supervision of Professor Janet Hemingway (currently the Director, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine). Chow Yang obtained his PhD in insect toxicology/urban entomology in 1996. He joined the School of Biological Sciences as a Lecturer on 1 November 1996 and was made Associate Professor in 2002. On 29 June 2006, Chow Yang received his appointment as a Professor.

A pioneer in the field of urban entomology in Malaysia, Chow Yang’s research contributed to improving management strategies against insect pests of urban and public health importance, while at the same time advocating the minimal use of pesticides in the human environment. His research on ecology, behaviour and management strategies of cockroaches, ants and termites are timely and unique in the context of tropical Asia. His contributions to these fields are well-reflected through his publications. His research was mainly funded by multinational insecticide companies which accounted for some 90% of the total fund of RM 2 million granted for his work so far. In addition, between 1997 and 2007, Chow Yang supervised 12 graduate students (1 Ph.D. and 11 M.Sc.) and more than 50 final year project students. He is currently main supervisor to 3 Ph.D. and 7 M.Sc. students.

Chow Yang had delivered more than 80 talks as keynote, plenary and symposium speaker at a number of international conferences and seminars. Among these were the National Conference on Urban Entomology (Raleigh, NC, USA in 2006), Hawaii Pest Control Association Annual Conference (2005), International Conference on Urban Pests (Charleston, SC, USA in 2002 and Prague, Czech Republic in 1999), International Congress of Entomology (Brisbane, Australia in 2004 and Foz do Iguassu, Brazil in 2000), Federation of Asian and Oceania Pest Managers Association Conventions and Exhibitions (Taipei, Taiwan in 2001, Yokohama, Japan in 2002, Seoul, South Korea in 2005, and Taipei in 2007), and numerous other international meetings in Singapore, Thailand, Japan, China and USA.

He is a member of editorial board for the journal Tropical Biomedicine, and was regularly invited to review journal articles for international and regional journals, such as, Journal of Economic Entomology, Insectes Sociaux and Journal of Applied Entomology. In addition to serving as thesis examiner, he served as academic reviewer for tenureship (eg. Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge) and external academic examiner for Diploma of Applied Parasitology and Entomology (Institute for Medical Research, Malaysia). Chow Yang was also involved in the organization of many international conferences and seminars such as Pest Summit 2006 (as Programme Chairperson), the 5th International Conference on Urban Pests 2005 (as Programme Chairperson and Proceeding Editor), the First Pacific-Rim Termite Research Group Conference 2004 (as Organizing Chairman), Malaysian Pest Control Conventions in 1998, 2001 and 2003 (as Technical Chairman) and the 4th Asia-Pacific Conference of Entomology (as Convenor for Urban Entomology section).

Holding membership and advisory positions for a number of international institutions and organizations, Chow Yang is the Technical Advisor to Singapore Pest Management Association (since 2003), Member of International Advisory Committee of Living-Sphere Simulation Field, Kyoto University, Japan (since 2005) and Executive Member of Pacific-Rim Termite Research Group (since 2006). He has also been appointed as research/technical advisor to Pharmcle Co. Ltd, South Korea, a company specializing in household pesticide products, and as a member of the Technical Advisory Board for Sanus Acoustics, Mississippi, USA (since 2002) that specializes on termite detection systems. Chow Yang also served as a member of the International Advisory Expert Panel to New Zealand’s Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (Forest Biosecurity division) on the management of invasive subterranean termites in Otorohanga (2001). In addition, he was nominated and admitted into Phi Chi Omega (since 2001), a fraternity for American pest management professionals, and he is also a Board Certified Entomologist (BCE) [Urban & Industrial] (since 1997) with the Entomological Society of America.

At the national level, Chow Yang is the Honorary Member and Advisor to the Pest Control Association of Malaysia (since 2003), Coordinator for Urban Pest Control modules for Pesticide Applicator Examination [Pesticide Control Division, Department of Agriculture], Protem Chairman for Working Group for Subterranean Termite Control (SIRIM) (since 2003) and Technical Committee member for Household Pesticides, Malaysia (SIRIM) (since 1999). At the university and school level, Chow Yang was the Programme Chairperson for Biology and Management of Vectors and Parasites (2004 - 2007), Seminar Chairperson (1999 - 2001), Committee member for Acculturation of R & D in USM (1998 - 2000), Academic Staff Development (2001 - 2003), Alumni Communication (2001 - 2003), etc. He is instrumental in compiling the scientific publications for the staff of School of Biological Sciences since 2000.

In recognition of his scientific and academic achievements, Chow Yang has received many accolades at international and national levels, among them - Anugerah Saintis Muda Negara 2000 (National Young Scientist Award) from the Ministry of Science, Technology and the Environment, Malaysia, MSPTM Medal (2003) from Malaysian Society of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Fulbright Scholarship (2002), JSPS-VCC Travelship (2003), JSPS Core-University Program fellowship (2003), Outstanding Young Malaysians 2000 (Certificate of Merit) (2000, 1999) and Royal Society (UK) Exquota Study Visit Travelship (1996). At the university level, Chow Yang also received 2 Anugerah Sanggar Sanjung (Personality category [2003], and Publication category [2005] and 5 Hadiah Sanggar Sanjung (all in publication category [2006]). He served as visiting scientist to University of Florida, USA (1999), twice to Purdue University, USA (1997, 2002), and was a visiting professor to Kyoto University, Japan (2007-2008). Recently, a new species of myrmecophilous cricket that was found to co-exist with yellow crazy ant, Anoplolepis gracilipes in Penang Island. The cricket (Myrmecophilus leei Kistner & Chong) was named in his honour.

Chow Yang married Ivy Loo Boon Yen in 1996, and is blessed with two daughters (Carmen Jia-Jue and Erika Yi-Jue).

REFEREED JOURNAL PAPERS/SEMI-REFEREED PROCEEDINGS PAPERS

1. Lee CY, NL Chong & HH Yap. 1993. A study on domiciliary cockroach infestation in Penang, Malaysia. Journal of Bioscience 4: 95-98.

2. Yap HH, NL Chong, AES Foo & CY Lee. 1994. Dengue vector control: Present status and future prospects. Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Science (Taiwan) 10: 102-108.

3. Lee CY, NL Chong & HH Yap. 1994. Laboratory evaluation of three traps against Periplaneta americana (L.) and Blattella germanica (L.). Tropical Biomedicine 11: 11-15.

4. Yap HH & CY Lee. 1994. A preliminary study on species composition of household ants in Penang Island, Malaysia. Journal of Bioscience 5: 64-66.

5. Yap HH, CY Lee, NL Chong, R Baba & HT Tan. 1995. Laboratory bioassays of Malaysian Standard mosquito mat formulation against Aedes aegypti (L.) and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) using two test methods. Journal of Bioscience 6: 86-93.

6. Yap HH, CY Lee, NL Chong, AES Foo & MP Lim. 1995. Oviposition site preference of Aedes albopictus in the laboratory. Journal of American Mosquito Control Association (USA) 11: 128-132.

7. Yap HH, SK Lim & CY Lee. 1995. Laboratory larvicidal efficacy of etofenprox (Trebon®) against four species of mosquitoes of public health importance. International Pest Control (UK) 37: 142-143.

8. Yap HH, CY Lee, AM Yahaya, R Schenker & S Janssen. 1995. Residual efficacy of lufenuron (Instar®) against Blattella germanica and Periplaneta americana. Arthropod Pest Management (USA) 20: 358.

9. Lee CY, HH Yap, NL Chong & RST Lee. 1996. Insecticide resistance and synergism in field-collected German cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) from Peninsular Malaysia. Bulletin of Entomological Research (UK) 86: 675-682.

10. Yap HH, AES Foo, CY Lee, NL Chong, AH Awang, R Baba & AM Yahaya. 1996. Laboratory and field trials of fenthion and cyfluthrin against Mansonia uniformis larvae. Journal of Vector Ecology (USA) 21: 146-149.

11. Yap HH, MP Lim, NL Chong & CY Lee. 1996. Efficacy and sublethal effects of mosquito coils on Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). Pp. 177 – 184. Proceedings of the Second International Conference of Insect Pests in the Urban Environment 1996 (K. Wildey, ed.). Exeter Press, UK.

12. Lee CY, HH Yap & NL Chong. 1996. Insecticide toxicity on the adult German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.) (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). Malaysian Journal of Science 17A: 1 – 9.

13. Lee CY, HH Yap & NL Chong. 1996. Comparison of selected biological parameters of laboratory susceptible and field collected strains of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.) (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). Malaysian Journal of Science 17A: 37-48.

14. Lee CY, CY Lim & HH Yap. 1996. Contact toxicity of bendiocarb against three species of Malaysian household ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Journal of Bioscience 7: 79-82.

15. Yap HH, CY Lee, NL Chong, AH Awang, AM Yahaya & R Baba. 1996. Performance of mosquito coil formulations containing transfluthrin in an urban squatter environment. Tropical Biomedicine 13: 101-103.

16. Yap HH, NL Chong, CY Lee & CA Koay. 1997. Field-simulated residual efficacy of beta cyfluthrin against Anopheles sinensis Wiedemann. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health (Thailand) 28: 233-234.

17. Lee CY. 1997. Household insecticide products. pp 104-107. In Chemical methods for the control of vectors and pests of public health importance (Chavasse DC & HH Yap, eds.). WHO/CTD/WHOPES/97.2. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.

18. Lee CY. 1997. Medical importance of domiciliary cockroaches. Singapore Microbiologist (Singapore) 11: 14 –17.

19. Yap HH, CY Lee & NL Chong. 1997. Mansonia vector control: Problems and possibilities. Vector Journal 3: 35-46.

20. Lee CY. 1997. Insecticide resistance and its underlying mechanisms in the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (Linn.) (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). Journal of Bioscience 8: 156-172.

21. Lee CY, KM Loke, HH Yap & ASC Chong. 1997. Baseline malathion and permethrin susceptibility in field collected Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) mosquitoes from Penang, Malaysia. Tropical Biomedicine 14: 87-91.

22. Lee CY, HH Yap & NL Chong. 1997. Elevated esterase detection in insecticide-resistant German cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) using modified Pasteur-Georghiou’s filter-paper method. Tropical Biomedicine 14: 81-86.

23. Lee LC & CY Lee. 1998. Characterization of pyrethroid and carbamate resistance in a Malaysian field collected strain of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.) (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). Tropical Biomedicine 15: 1 – 9.

24. Lee CY. 1998. Control of insecticide-resistant German cockroaches, Blattella germanica (L.) (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) in food-outlets with hydramethylnon-based bait stations. Tropical Biomedicine 15: 45-51.

25. Chong ASC, LC Gabriel, CY Lee & HH Yap. 1998. Contact toxicities of etofenprox and bendiocarb against the Odorous house ant (Tapinoma sessile Say). Malaysian Applied Biology 27: 127-129.

26. Lee CY, HH Yap & NL Chong. 1998. Sublethal effects of deltamethrin and propoxur on German cockroaches, Blattella germanica (L.) (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata (Netherlands) 89: 137-145.

27. Lee CY, LC Lee, BH Ang & NL Chong. 1999. Insecticide resistance in the German cockroach from hotels and restaurants in Malaysia. p. 171 – 182. In Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Urban Pests (Robinson WH, Rettich R & Rambo G, eds). Graficke zavody Hronov, Czech Republic.

28. Scharf ME, CY Lee, JJ Neal & GW Bennett. 1999. Cytochrome P450 MA expression in insecticide-resistant German cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). Journal of Economic Entomology (USA) 92: 788 – 793.

29. Lee CY. 1999. The worship of termite mounds. Isoptera Newsletter (USA) 9: 2.

30. Lee CY & LC Lee. 2000. Diversity of cockroach species and effect of sanitation on level of cockroach infestation in residential premises. Tropical Biomedicine 17: 39 – 43.

31. Lee CY & CY Heng. 2000. Effects of food and water deprivation on nymphal development, adult fecundity and insecticide susceptibility in German cockroaches, Blattella germanica (L.). Tropical Biomedicine 17: 27 – 34.

32. Lee CY, MS Khalid, LC Lee & NL Chong. 2000. Notes on biological parameters of a new domiciliary pest, smooth cockroach Symploce pallens (Stephens) (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). Tropical Biomedicine 17: 49 – 52.

33. Lee CY. 2000. Performance of hydramethylnon- and fipronil-based containerized baits against household ants in residential premises. Tropical Biomedicine 17: 45 – 48.

34. Lee CY. 2000. Sublethal effects of insecticides on longevity, fecundity and behaviour of insect pests: a review. Journal of Bioscience 11: 107 – 112.

35. Lee CY, J Hemingway, HH Yap & NL Chong. 2000. Biochemical characterization of insecticide resistance in the German cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) from Peninsular Malaysia. Medical and Veterinary Entomology (UK) 14: 11 – 18.

36. Lee CY & LC Lee. 2000. Influence of sanitary condition on field performance of chlorpyrifos-based baits against American cockroaches, Periplaneta americana (L.) (Dictyoptera: Blattidae). Journal of Vector Ecology (USA) 25: 218 – 221.

37. Na JPS & CY Lee. 2001. Identification key to common urban pest ants in Malaysia. Tropical Biomedicine 18: 1 – 17.

38. Chong ASC, R Hashim, CY Lee & A Ali. 2002. Partial characterization and activities of proteases from digestive tract of discus fish (Symphysodon aequifasciata). Aquaculture (USA) 203: 321 – 333.

39. Lee CY. 2002. Control of foraging colonies of subterranean termites, Coptotermes travians (Haviland) (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) in Malaysia using hexaflumuron baits. Sociobiology (USA) 39: 411 – 416.

40. Lee CY. 2002. Subterranean termite pests and their control in the urban environment in Malaysia. Sociobiology (USA) 40: 3 – 9.

41. Lee CY, CY Lim & I Darah. 2002. Survey on structure-infesting ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in food preparative outlets. Tropical Biomedicine 19: 21 – 26.

42. Lee CY & JAC Soo. 2002. Impact of starvation on intrinsic rate of increase (rn) of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.) (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae), in the presence of an insecticidal bait. Tropical Biomedicine 19: 103 – 108.

43. Lee CY & JAC Soo. 2002. Potential of glucose-aversion development in field collected populations of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.) (Dicytoptera: Blattellidae) from Malaysia. Tropical Biomedicine 19: 33 – 39.

44. Chong A, HH Yap, NL Chong & CY Lee. 2002. Effects of starvation on nutrient distribution in the Pharaoh ant, Monomorium pharaonis (L.) (Hymnoptera: Formicidae) workers and various larval stages. pp. 121 – 128. In: Proceedings of Fourth International Conference on Urban Pests (SC Jones, J Zhai & WH Robinson, eds), Pocahontas Press, Blacksburg, VA.

45. Lee CY. 2002. Tropical household ants – pest status, species diversity, foraging behavior and baiting studies. pp. 3 – 18. In: Proceedings of Fourth International Conference on Urban Pests (SC Jones, J Zhai & WH Robinson, eds), Pocahontas Press, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.

46. Ngee PS & CY Lee. 2002. Colony characterization of a mound-building subterranean termite, Globitermes sulphureus (Isoptera: Termitidae) using modified single-mark recapture technique. Sociobiology (USA) 40: 525 - 532.

47. Lee CY & LC Lee. 2002. Field and laboratory evaluation of a boron-based containerised dual bait formulation against the Pharaoh ant, Monomorium pharaonis (L.) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiology (USA) 40: 655 – 665.

48. Lee KM & CY Lee. 2002. Prevalence of insecticide resistance in field collected populations of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.) (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). Medical Entomology and Zoology (Japan) 53: 219 – 225.

49. Lee CY, PS Ngee, LC Lee & J Na. 2003. Notes on termite species diversity in Pantai Acheh Forest Reserve, Penang Island, Malaysia. In: Pantai Acheh Forest Reserve: A Case for a State Park (Chan LK, ed.). Universiti Sains Malaysia Press, Penang, Malaysia.

50. Lim SP & CY Lee. 2003. Nestmate recognition and intercolonial aggression in the crazy ant, Paratrechina longicornis (Latreille) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiology (USA) 41: 295 – 305.

51. Lee CY, PS Ngee & LC Lee. 2003. Foraging populations and territories of a mound-building higher subterranean termite, Microtermes pakistanicus Ahmad (Isoptera: Macrotermitinae). Sociobiology (USA) 41: 307 – 316.

52. Jahangir K, HH Yap, J Zairi, CY Lee & MM Saira Banu. 2003. The effect of cloth wetted with sugar solution and water on prolonging the lifespan of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) under laboratory condition. Tropical Biomedicine 20: 145 – 152.

53. Lee CY, LC Lee, JPS Na, PY Loke, KT Lim & EHH Teo. 2003. Evaluation of methoprene granular baits against foraging Pharaoh ant, Monomorium pharaonis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiology (USA) 41: 717 – 723.

54. Lee CY, J Yap, PS Ngee & Z Jaal. 2003. Foraging colonies of a higher mound-building subterranean termite, Globitermes sulphureus (Haviland) in Malaysia. Japanese Journal of Environmental Entomology and Zoology (Japan) 14: 105 – 112.

55. Lee CY & JW Yonker. 2003. Laboratory and field evaluations of lithium perfluorooctane sulfonate baits against domicilliary and peridomestic cockroaches in Penang, Malaysia. Medical Entomology and Zoology (Japan) 54: 381 – 388.

56. Ye W, CY Lee, RH Scheffrahn, JA Aleong, NY Su, GW Bennett & ME Scharf. 2004. Phylogenetic relationships of nearctic Reticulitermes species (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) with particular reference to Reticulitermes arenincola Goellner. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution (UK) 30: 815 – 822.

57. Loke PY & CY Lee. 2004. Foraging behavior of field populations of the big-headed ant, Pheidole megacephala (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiology (USA) 43: 211 – 219.

58. Lee CY. 2004. Current termite management in Peninsular Malaysia. pp. 37 – 42. In: Proceedings of the First Pacific Rim Termite Research Group Meeting (K. Tsunoda, ed.). Kyoto University, Japan.

59. Lee CY, PS Ngee, LC Lee & JPS Na. 2004. Survey of termite diversity in Pantai Acheh Forest Reserve, Penang Island, Malaysia. Journal of Bioscience 15: 91 – 99.

60. Ngee PS, A Tashiro, T Yoshimura, Z Jaal & CY Lee. 2004. Wood preference of selected Malaysian subterranean termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae, Termitidae). Sociobiology (USA) 43: 535 – 550.

61. Eow AGH, ASC Chong & CY Lee. 2004. Behavioral plasticity in polyethism of Monomorium spp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiology (USA) 43: 557 – 564.

62. Lee LC & CY Lee. 2004. Insecticide resistance profiles and possible underlying mechanisms in German cockroaches, Blattella germanica (L.) (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) from Peninsular Malaysia. Medical Entomology and Zoology (Japan) 55: 77 – 93.

63. Appel AG, JPS Na & CY Lee. 2004. Temperature and humidity tolerances of the ghost ant, Tapinoma melanocephalum (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiology (USA) 44: 89 – 100.

64. Ngee PS, T Yoshimura & CY Lee . 2004. Foraging populations and control strategies of subterranean termites with special reference to baiting (review paper). Japanese Journal of Environmental Entomology and Zoology (Japan) 15: 197 – 215.

65. Eow AGH, ASC Chong & CY Lee. 2004. Colonial growth dynamics of tropical household ant species, Monomorium pharaonis, M. floricola and M. destructor (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiology (USA) 44: 365 – 377.

66. Eow AGH, ASC Chong & CY Lee. 2005. Effects of nutritional starvation and satiation on feeding responses of tropical pest ants, Monomorium spp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiology (USA) 45: 15 – 29.

67. Lee CY, C Vongkaluang & M Lenz. 2005. Termite management of multi-genera faunas. pp. 81 – 86. In: Proceedings of the Second Conference on Pacific-Rim Termite Research Group (K. Tsunoda, ed.). Kyoto University, Japan.

68. Bajomi D, CY Lee, SP Lim, J Szilagyi & J Schmidt. 2005. Elimination of Pharaoh’s ant, Monomorium pharaonis colonies with S-methoprene baits (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Pp. 65 – 72. In: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Urban Pests (CY Lee & WH Robinson, eds.). P&Y Design Network, Malaysia.

69. Lee CY, B Forschler & T Jenkins. 2005. Taxonomy questions on Malaysian termites (Isoptera: Termitidae) answered with morphology and DNA biotechnology. Pp. 205 – 211. In: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Urban Pests (CY Lee & WH Robinson, eds.). P&Y Design Network, Malaysia.

70. Lim SP & CY Lee. 2005. Effects of juvenile hormone analogs on new reproductives and colony growth of Pharaoh ant, Monomorium pharaonis (L.) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae. Journal of Economic Entomology (USA) 98: 2169 – 2175.

71. Lim SP & CY Lee. 2005. Brood arrangement and food distribution amongst larvae under different colony conditions in the Pharaoh’s ants, Monomorium pharaonis (L.) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiology (USA) 46: 491 – 503.

72. Lim SP, KKK Chong, ASC Chong & CY Lee. 2005. Dietary influence on larval storage protein of the Pharaoh’s ant, Monomorium pharaonis (L.) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiology (USA) 46: 505 – 514.

73. Loke PY & CY Lee. 2005. Effects of colony composition and food type on foraging behavior of Monomorium orientale (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiology (USA) 46: 595 – 602.

74. Lim SP & CY Lee. 2005. Effects of queen body parts on the production of new sexuals in the Pharaoh’s ant, Monomorium pharaonis (L.) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiology (USA) 46: 677 – 688.

75. Loke PY & CY Lee. 2006. Effects of colony composition and food type on nutrient distribution in colonies of Monomorium orientale Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Journal of Economic Entomology (USA) 99: 129 – 133.

76. Loke PY & CY Lee. 2006. Influence of colony caste composition, food nutritional content and satiation on feeding behaviour of a tropical pest ant, Monomorium orientale (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiology (USA) 47: 5 – 18.

77. Yeap BK, AS Othman & CY Lee. 2006. Phylogenetic relationship of the Asian subterranean termite, Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann) and Philippine milk termite, Coptotermes vastator Light (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) as inferred from 16S mitochondrial DNA. Pp. 47 – 51. In: Proceedings of the Third Conference of Pacific Rim Termite Research Group (K Tsunoda, ed.). Kyoto University, Japan.

78. Yeoh BH & CY Lee. 2006. Evaluation of several novel and conventional termiticide formulations against the Asian subterranean termite, Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann) (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). Pp. 79 – 83. In: Proceedings of the Third Conference of Pacific Rim Termite Research Group (K Tsunoda, ed.). Kyoto University, Japan.

79. Lee CY, LT Quah, BH Yeoh, YF How, KF Chong, BK Yeap, EK Tan, P Tan, SY Foo, SG Lam-Phua, LC Ng & P Koh. 2006. Insecticide resistance in field-collected populations of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.) from Singapore. Pp. 52 – 58. In: Proceedings of the Pest Summit 2006. Singapore.

80. Duangkhae S, C Chatchawan & CY Lee. 2006. Field evaluation of a hydramethylnon gel bait formulation against German cockroaches in Bangkok, Thailand (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). Medical Entomology and Zoology (Japan) 57: 361-364.

81. Chong KF & CY Lee. 2006. Food preferences and foraging activity of field populations of the ghost ant, Tapinoma indicum (Forel) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiology (USA) 48: 875 – 883.

82. Eow AGH & CY Lee. 2007. Comparative nutritional preference of tropical household ants, Monomorium pharaonis (Linnaeus), Monomorium floricola (Jerdon) and Monomorium destructor (Jerdon) (Hymenotera: Formicidae). Sociobiology (USA) 49: 165 – 186.

83. Yeoh BH & CY Lee. 2007. Soil arthropods associated with termite bait monitoring stations in Malaysia. Sociobiology (USA) 49: 187 – 196.

84. Lee CY. 2007. Evaluation of bistrifluron as an above-ground bait against the Asian subterranean termite, Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann) in Malaysia. Pp. 8 – 11. In: Proceedings of the Fourth Conference of the Pacific-Rim Termite Research Group (K. Tsunoda, ed.). Kyoto University, Japan.

85. Yeoh BH & CY Lee. 2007. Tunneling patterns of subterranean termites Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann), Coptotermes curvignathus (Holmgren) and Coptotermes kalshoveni Kemner (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). Pp. 33 – 35. In: Proceedings of the Fourth Conference of the Pacific-Rim Termite Research Group (K. Tsunoda, ed.). Kyoto University, Japan.

86. Yeap BK, AS Othman & CY Lee. 2007. Molecular phylogenetics of Asian Coptotermes (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). Pp. 51 – 55. In: Proceedings of the Fourth Conference of the Pacific-Rim Termite Research Group (K. Tsunoda, ed.). Kyoto University, Japan.

87. Jenkins TM, SC Jones, CY Lee, BT Forschler, G Lopez-Martinez, NT Gallagher, G Greene, M Neal, B Thistleton, S Kleinschmidt & C Harvey. 2007. Phylogeography elucidates maternal origins of exotic Coptotermes gestroi (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 42: 612 – 621.

88. Kistner DH, KF Chong and CY Lee. 2007. A new Malaysian myrmecophilous cricket (Orthoptera: Myrmecophilidae). Sociobiology (USA) 50: 173 – 182.

89. Lee CY, C Vongkaluang & M Lenz. 2007. Challenges to subterranean termite management in multi-genera faunas in South East Asia and Australia. Sociobiology (USA) 50: 213 – 221.

90. Yeap BK, AS Othman, VS Lee & CY Lee. 2007. Genetic relationship between Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann) and Coptotermes vastator Light (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). Journal of Economic Entomology (USA) 100: 467 – 474.

91. Yeoh BH & CY Lee. 2007. Tunneling responses of the Asian subterranean termite, Coptotermes gestroi in termiticide-treated sand (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). Sociobiology (USA) 50: 457 – 468.

92. Yeoh BH & CY Lee. Tunneling activity, wood consumption and survivorship of Coptotermes gestroi, Coptotermes curvignathus and Coptotermes kalshoveni (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) in the laboratory. Sociobiology (USA) 50: 1087 - 1096.

93. Sudesh K, BY Tay & CY Lee. 2008. Occurrence of polyhdroxyalkanoate in the gut homogenate of phylogenetically higher termite, Macrotermes carbonarius. Canadian Journal of Chemistry 86: 512 – 515.

94. Neoh KB & CY Lee. 2008. Preliminary studies on flight activity of Macrotermes gilvus (Hagen) and Macrotermes carbonarius (Hagen) (Blattodea: Termitoidae: Termitidae). In: Proceedings of the Fifth Conference on Pacific-Rim Termite Research Group (K. Tsunoda, ed.) Kyoto University, Japan.

95. Lee CY. 2008. Sucrose bait base preference of selected urban pest ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). pp. 59 – 63. In: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Urban Pests (W.H. Robinson & D. Bajomi, eds.). OOK-Press Kft, Budapest, Hungary.

96. Jahangir K, CY Lee & J Zairi. 2008. Effects of sugar and animal blood availability on attraction of Aedes spp. to humans. pp. 197 – 201. In: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Urban Pests (W.H. Robinson & D. Bajomi, eds.). OOK-Press Kft, Budapest, Hungary.

BOOKS/PROCEEDINGS EDITED

97. Lee CY, HH Yap, NL Chong & Z Jaal. 1999. Urban Pest Control – A Malaysian Perspective. 1999. Publisher: Vector Control Research Unit, Universiti Sains Malaysia. 134 pp. ISBN 983-9700-70-7.

98. Lee CY & WH Robinson. 2001. Handbook of Malaysian Household and Structural Pests. Publisher: Pest Control Association of Malaysia. 96 pp. ISBN 983-9700-90-1.

99. Lee CY, J Zairi, HH Yap & NL Chong (eds.) 2003. Urban Pest Control – A Malaysian Perspective. 2nd Edition. Vector Control Research Unit, Universiti Sains Malaysia. 132 pp. ISBN 983-2514-39-8.

100. Lee CY. 2003. Identification key to common subterranean termites found in- and around buildings and structures in Malaysia. Dow AgroSciences Asia, Malaysia. 34 pp. (the guide was produced based on extensive survey on termites between 1999 – 2002 in Peninsular Malaysia).

101. Lee CY. 2004. Subterranean termite species found in Singapore. Poster Guide for Pest Management Professionals (the poster was produced based on extensive termite survey conducted in Singapore between September 2003 – March 2004).

102. Lee CY & EK Tan. 2004. Guide to Urban Pest Ants of Singapore. Singapore Pest Management Association, Singapore. 42 pp. (the guide was produced based on an pest ant survey conducted in Singapore Island between April – July 2004). ISBN 981-05-1679-7.

103. Lee CY & WH Robinson (eds.) 2005. Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Urban Pests. Perniagaan Ph’ng@ P&Y Design Network, Penang, Malaysia. 571 pp. ISBN 983-42607-0-9.

104. Lee CY. 2007. Perspective in Urban Insect Pest Management in Malaysia. Vector Control Research Unit, Universiti Sains Malaysia. 104 pp. ISBN 978-983-3986-07-1. (To those who are interested to procure a copy of this monograph, please email me directly).

BOOK CHAPTERS/NON-REFEREED PROCEEDINGS PAPERS/INDUSTRY PAPERS/NON-ACADEMIC PAPERS

105. Lee CY. 1997. German cockroach: Biology, behaviour and chemical control. PCAM Pest Info 5: 4 – 5.

106. Lee CY. 1997. Understanding resistance in the German cockroach. Part I: How resistance develops and its mechanisms. PCAM Pest Info 5: 16 – 17.

107. Lee CY. 1999. Understanding resistance in the German cockroach. Part II: How to manage insecticide resistant German cockroaches. PCAM Pest Info 6: 10 – 11.

108. Lee CY (50%), NL Chong & LC Lee. 1999. Cockroaches. p. 50 – 65. In Urban Pest Control – A Malaysian Perspective (Lee CY, HH Yap, NL Chong & Z Jaal, eds.). Universiti Sains Malaysia.

109. Lee CY (80%) & HH Yap. 1999. Overview on urban pests: A Malaysian perspective. p. 1 – 7. In Urban Pest Control – A Malaysian Perspective (Lee CY, HH Yap, NL Chong & Z Jaal, eds.). Universiti Sains Malaysia.

110. Lee CY, NL Chong & HH Yap. 1999. Basic insecticide toxicology. p. 15 – 25. In Urban Pest Control – A Malaysian Perspective (Lee CY, HH Yap, NL Chong & Z Jaal, eds.). Universiti Sains Malaysia.

111. Chong ASC & CY Lee. 1999. Household ants. p. 66 – 80. In Urban Pest Control – A Malaysian Perspective (Lee CY, HH Yap, NL Chong & Z Jaal, eds.). Universiti Sains Malaysia.

112. Chung KM & CY Lee. 1999. Termites. p. 107 – 114. In Urban Pest Control – A Malaysian Perspective (Lee CY, HH Yap, NL Chong & Z Jaal, eds.). Universiti Sains Malaysia.

113. Lee CY. 2000. Termite biology for pest control operators. PCAM Pest Info 7: 11 – 13.

114. Lee CY. 2001. Urban pest ants – biology, human perceptions and management strategies. pp. 74 – 86. Proceedings of the 13th FAOPMA Pest Control Convention & Exhibition, Taipei, Taiwan.

115. Azhar I et al. 2001. Proceedings of the 4th Asia Pacific Conference of Entomology (APCE). Published by Entomological Society of Malaysia (ENTOMA) & Malaysian Plant Protection Society (MAPPS). 158 pp.

116. Lee CY. 2001. Why pre-construction anti termite treatment is necessary. PCAM Pest Info 8: 7 – 8.

117. Lee CY. 2002. Behavioral aspects of urban pest ants in relation to their management strategies. Pp. 152 – 160. In: Proceedings of the 14th FAOPMA Convention & Exhibition (M. Hirao, ed). Japan Pest Control Association.

118. Lee CY (80%), AGH Eow, JPS Na, LC Lee, KM Lee, PS Ngee & SY Lim. 2002. Managing pest ants in urban environment. PCAM Pest Info 10: 10 – 18.

119. Lee CY. 2003. Recent advances in tropical pest ant research in Malaysia. In: Global Innovations & Modern Techniques for Urban Pest Managers (Lee CY, ed.). Pest Control Association of Malaysia & Singapore Pest Management Association. Langkawi, Malaysia. 26 – 28 September 2003. \

120. Lee CY. 2003. The 14th FAOPMA 2002 Convention and Exhibition (translated by Y. Okahisa & N. Katsumata). Shiroari 133: 16 – 19 (in Japanese).

121. Lee CY & HH Yap. 2003. Status of urban pest control in Malaysia. Pp. 1 – 8. In: Urban Pest Control – A Malaysian Perspective. Second Edition (CY Lee, J Zairi, HH Yap & NL Chong, eds.). Vector Control Research Unit, Universiti Sains Malaysia.

122. Lee CY, NL Chong & HH Yap. 2003. Basic insecticide toxicology. Pp. 16 – 26. Urban Pest Control – A Malaysian Perspective. Second Edition (CY Lee, J Zairi, HH Yap & NL Chong, eds.). Vector Control Research Unit, Universiti Sains Malaysia.

123. Lee CY, NL Chong & LC Lee. 2003. Cockroaches. Pp. 54 – 70. Urban Pest Control – A Malaysian Perspective. Second Edition (CY Lee, J Zairi, HH Yap & NL Chong, eds.). Vector Control Research Unit, Universiti Sains Malaysia.

124. Lee CY & ASC Chong. 2003. Household ants. Pp. 71 – 86. Urban Pest Control – A Malaysian Perspective. Second Edition (CY Lee, J Zairi, HH Yap & NL Chong, eds.). Vector Control Research Unit, Universiti Sains Malaysia.

125. Lee CY & KM Chung. 2003. Pp. 99 – 111. Urban Pest Control – A Malaysian Perspective. Second Edition (CY Lee, J Zairi, HH Yap & NL Chong, eds.). Vector Control Research Unit, Universiti Sains Malaysia.

126. Lee CY. 2004. Cockroaches. Pp. 99 – 109. In: Urban Pest Control Operators – Pesticide Applicators Manual. Department of Agriculture, Malaysia.

127. Lee CY. 2004. Ants. Pp. 139 – 149. In: Urban Pest Control Operators – Pesticide Applicators Manual. Department of Agriculture, Malaysia.

128. Lee CY. 2004. Bees and wasps. Pp. 177 – 180. Urban Pest Control Operators – Pesticide Applicators Manual. Department of Agriculture, Malaysia.

129. Lee CY. 2004. Cockroaches. Pp. 53 – 58. In: Urban Pest Control Operators – Assistant Pesticide Applicator Manual. Department of Agriculture, Malaysia.

130. Lee CY. 2004. Ants. Pp. 47 – 52. In: Urban Pest Control Operators – Assistant Pesticide Applicator Manual. Department of Agriculture, Malaysia.

131. Lee CY & HL Lee. 2004. Incidental pests. Pp. 67 – 73. In: Urban Pest Control Operators – Assistant Pesticide Applicator Manual. Department of Agriculture, Malaysia.

132. Lee CY. 2005. Applying the science of ant behaviour for practicing the art of ant bait. Pp. 144 – 151. In: Proceedings of the 17th Federation of Asia & Oceania Pest Managers Association Convention & Exhibition (FAOPMA 2005 Korea). Kintex, Korea. 22 – 24 November 2005.

133. Lee CY & AR Saad. 2005. Invertebrates. Pp. 63 – 77. In: Biodiversity and Ecology (AS Othman & MH Baharuddin, eds.). School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (in Malay).

134. Lee CY. 2003. Houses with termites and houses that will – a home owner guide to termite infestation. Ridpest Newsletter 1: 2 – 3.

135. Lee CY. 2003. Excerpt from my diary to the land of the Rising Sun. Salam Alumni USM 1 (3): 6 – 7.

136. Lee CY. 2004. Preventing cockroach infestation in homes. Ridpest Newsletter 2: 9.

137. Zairi J & CY Lee. 2004. The Vector Control Research Unit, pp. 150 – 159. In: Research at Universiti Sains Malaysia. Volume 1: Policy Studies and Consultancy Services (M. Jantan, J. Saravanamuttu & WAM Wan Muda, eds.). Universiti Sains Malaysia Press.

138. Lee CY & N Najimuddin. 2005. A visit to the land of smiles. Bulletin Biologi June 2005.

139. Lee CY. 2007. Termites – the cryptic, elusive, tiny house wrecker. The Leader 2 (1): 37 – 39.

(updated on 2008-07-20).